Introduzione
Silvia Salvatici
L’operazione «Balt Cygnet». Il governo inglese e le profughe europee nel secondo dopoguerra
Silvia Salvatici
Operatıon «Balt Cygnet». British government and
European female refugees in the postwar period
In the aftermath of the Second World War Europe comprised millions of
people who had been forced to leave their home countries. It was the most
serious refugee crisis in western history. In this period the figure of the
refugee is established as a specific social category recognized by the
international community. This category is allegedly universal, but hides a
deep gender asymmetry. This asymmetry is here analysed in a specific
occurrence, the programme (named «Balt Cygnet») that established the
employment as janitors in British sanatoriums of women who had fled Baltic
countries. This programme became in fact a sort of laboratory that defined
the meaning of social and political resettlement – a process of integration
deeply marked by gender differences.
Profughe in Serbia. Migrazioni forzate, identità etno-nazionale e relazioni di genere
Maria Chiara Patuelli
Refugee women in Serbia. Forced migration, ethnicnational
identities, and gender relations
This essay, based on a oral history research, analyses the story of refugee
women from Bosnia, Croatia and evacuees from Kosovo living in “collective
centres” in Serbia. Forced migration to Serbia has represented a strong contradiction
of nationalistic rhetoric: the non-involvement of the local Serbian population,
hostile or indifferent towards the refugees, the sharing of the marginal
and impoverished space of the collective centres, led refugee men and women
to question the model of an homogenous and all-encompassing ethnic-national
identity, and to embrace more fluid forms of identity. The experience of the
war and flight, and the creation of new communities in these centres, have resulted
in the bending and negotiation of gender roles and relations, and have
offered to women specific resources linked to their caring role as mothers.
Per una interpretazione di genere della definizione di rifugiato
Giulia Binazzi
For a gender interpretation of the definition of refugee
By using a methodology typical of gender studies, that is, by taking as a
starting point the experiences of women and analysing their stories of persecution
and flight, this essay examines to what extent the international law on
refugees, which has its roots in a male definition of human rights, is today
able to provide an adequate protection to women who are – or are in danger
to be – victims of a persecution. From this point of view gender becomes an
issue that concerns the whole international law on refugees exposing contradictions
and gaps and pointing to a divergence between women’s experience
and their interpretation in the asylum politics and practice. Through a contrast
between women’s experience and current regulations, this essay advances a
gender interpretation of the law.
Tra famiglia, patriarcato e nazionalismo. Percorsi di rifugiate palestinesi e donne ebree dai paesi arabi (1948-1958)
Marcella Simoni
Family, patriarchy, and nationalism. Lives of Palestinian
female refugees and Jewish women from Arabic countries (1948-1958)
This essay draws a parallel between the paths of Palestinian refugee
women and those of Jewish women from Yemen and Iraq who arrived in
Israel in the aftermath of the 1948 war. Relying on photographs, TV documentaries,
and other visual sources, this article suggests that these two stories
of displacement offer a viable comparison, provided that we bring to the forefront
of the analysis the refugees' family and personal histories rather
than the political, diplomatic and international implications of such parallel.
Focusing on forced migration, on refugee/transit camps, and on the slow and
difficult integration that both groups underwent from a personal, linguistic,
social and economic point of view, this article argues that these experiences
resulted in a temporary disruption of the patriarchal order that had ruled both
societies before their forced migration, which reappeared strengthened once
the two refugee communities began to settle within the new societies and
once the dynamics of the Arab-Israeli conflict became more defined.
Chi fugge e chi resta. La separazione di fatto fra tribunale ecclesiastico e relazioni di vicinato (Pisa, 1560-1660)
Sara Luperini
Laura Orvieto: un’intellettuale del Novecento
Claudia Gori
Ricordo di Letizia Gianformaggio
Andreina De Clementi
giugno 2005, 254 p. ISBN-10: 88-8334-165-1 ISBN-13: 978-88-8334-165-6 € 21,00