Santità e sacralità. Fonti, metodi e prospettive della ricerca agiografica in Europa a cura di Sofia Boesch Gajano
a cura di Sofia Boesch Gajano
Introduzione
Sofia Boesch Gajano
Devoción a los santos y sacralización en el mundo urbano medieval, a través de las fuentes. El ejemplo de Lleida
Francisco Fité Llevot
Devoción a los santos y sacralización en el mundo urbano medieval,
a través de las fuentes. El ejemplo de Lleida
This work deals with the study of devotion to the Saints in an urban environment,
the city of Lleida (Catalunya), based on its historical reality. The
first section provides the little known and preserved until the Islamic invasion
of the ancient Ilerda. Since its bishopric was not reinstated, but was attached
to Roda de Isábena (Huesca), in the second section we discusse the cult of the
Saints in this diocese, on the assumption that after the conquest of the city,
this cult was moved to Lleida and the cathedral adopted the liturgical calendar.
To prove it we publish a calendar of Roda and two other of the liturgical
books from Lleida Cathedral for comparing. The last part is devoted to show
the hagiographic development during the late Middle Ages of dedications,
devotions and foundations in churches, chapels and altars of the cathedral, and
showing the introduction of new devotions as well as new liturgical practices,
based also on documentary information, in this case the obituaries.
Saints anciens et saints récents dans les cultes et sanctuaires français de la seconde moitié du Moyen Âge
Catherine Vincent
Saints anciens et saints récents dans les cultes et sanctuaires français
de la seconde moitié du Moyen Âge
Il saggio si articola in una molteplicità di temi fra loro interconnessi. Il
primo è quello dell’infittirsi della rete dei luoghi di culto nel corso del secondo
Medioevo: si tratta di luoghi di culto di dimensioni diverse, con funzioni diversificate,
da santuari molto piccoli, con un modesto irradiamento, spesso con
vita breve, oppure santuari a dimensione regionale, meta di pellegrinaggi a più
lunga distanza, caratterizzati da una gestione ecclesiastica che favorisce il culto
di santi particolari, quali i santi pellegrini Alessio e Rocco, e da peculiari forme
di devozione. Il secondo tema è quello della tipologia della santità: si conferma
la persistenza del culto per i santi antichi, soprattutto martiri e uno sporadico
inserimento dei nuovi santi. Il terzo tema oggetto di analisi è la produzione
agiografica: varietà delle forme letterarie, vite, raccolte di miracoli, traslazioni,
preghiere, pièces teatrali, progressiva introduzione della lingua vernacolare, prima
in versi e poi in prosa, che testimonia un intento comunicativo ai fini di una
fruizione più diffusa di una produzione destinata a plaire et édifier.
La peste, il commercio internazionale e il culto di san Rocco a Lubecca. Proposte di metodo e prospettive di ricerca
Heinrich Dormeier
La peste, il commercio internazionale e il culto di san Rocco a Lubecca.
Proposte di metodo e prospettive di ricerca
Der Beitrag versucht exemplarisch am Beispiel des Rochuskultes in Lübeck
neue Methoden und Perspektiven der Erforschung der “Santità” in Deutschland
aufzuzeigen. Gemäß den Hinweisen in den Missalien, den lateinischen und volkssprachlichen
Gebetsbüchern und in den Frühdrucken der Heiligenlegenden (Passionalia)
hat die Verehrung des Pestheiligen Rochus um 1490, also etwas später
als in Nürnberg, Köln oder Flandern, Fuß gefasst. 1510-1511 wurde im Lübecker
Dom eine eigene Rochusbruderschaft gegründet – eine in Deutschland einzigartige
Aufwertung des neuen Heiligen. Gemeinsam mit der Darstellung des
Heiligen und weiterer Pestpatrone auf dem neuen Lettner (tramezzo) der Marienkirche
stellt die Neugründung dieser Bruderschaft einen qualtitativ neuen und
ungewöhnlichen Schritt in der Verehrung dieses Heiligen dar. Zwar haben sich die
Statuten und Mitgliedsverzeichnisse der Rochusbruderschaft nicht erhalten, aber
vor allem auf der Grundlage von Hunderten ungedruckter Testamente gelingt es,
für die zwei Jahrzehnte des Bruderschaftslebens die erstaunliche Zahl von über
40 Mitgliedern zu identifizieren. Wie in Nürnberg und in Flandern waren es auch
in Lübeck, der Metropole der Hanse, nicht etwa die Amtskirche oder die großen
Orden, sondern die Fernhandelskaufleute, die den Pestpatron Rochus zu einem
der meistverehrten Heiligen vor der Reformation machten.
//Hagiographica Septentrionalia//: Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea Area
Christian Krötzl
Hagiographica Septentrionalia: Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea Area
Within the general development of the cult of saints the North of Europe
is a very interesting region, and in many ways far less marginal than it might
appear. Hagiographical research on the European North is, however, still very
fragmented and scattered. In recent years there has been a renewed interest by
younger researchers in the North, both for Scandinavian and Baltic sainthood,
as well as for hagiographic topics not directly linked to the region. The cult
of saints was introduced to Northern Europe together with the Christianisation,
which proceeded in a long process from the 9th to the 14th Century and
even later in the very north, in Lapland. There were major differences in the
character of the Christianisation process, from mostly peaceful methods in
Scandinavia to violent sword-mission in the Baltic, which affected also the
cult of saints. This long process of Christianisation meant also that different
layers of saint’s cults were imported and created. In contrast to “older” hagiographic
regions, Scandinavia remained a rather active hagiographic region
also after the Christianisation, up till the end of the Middle Ages, with female
saints as a very interesting group too. Scandinavia played also an important
and far from marginal role in the establishment and consolidation of the papal
prerogative in canonization matters. Up till the Reformation there are no signs
for a weakening in popular support for all aspects of the cult of saints. On
the eastern shores of the Baltic sea, however, the sword-mission methods of
Christianisation led during generations to active and passive resistance which
explains also, at least partially, the absence or tiny amount of the indigenous
element in local sources on Sainthood and Pilgrimages. The picture changed
however towards the end of the Middle Ages also in the Baltic area.
Fonti e ricerche per la storia della santità in Portogallo nel Seicento
Zulmira Santos
Fonti e ricerche per la storia della santità
in Portogallo nel Seicento
This study aims to present an overview of a set of sources to the holiness
in Portugal, in the 17th Century, paying particular attention to the printed
production over the century – religious chronicles, biographies, devout lives,
collections of «saints»’ lives, «martyrologies» – in order to disclose the Portuguese
hagiographic overview of that time, taking into account the period of
dual monarchy between 1580 and 1640, using the most recent literature on this
issue. The author seeks to show that the “hagiographic literature” produced in
Portugal and its overseas territories, especially in the 17th Century, reflects not
only the identity effort of the religious orders in the building of an «internal»
holiness, but also, in the case of other texts, concerns of territorial and cultural
order, valuing the construction of a Portuguese sacred space.
The Cult of the Saints in Recent Historiographies of Central Europe
Gábor Klaniczay
The Cult of the Saints in Recent Historiographies
of Central Europe
This article presents recent research on the cult of the saints in three dimensions.
First it examines, how the political climate of the post-Communist
decades, and the millennial commemorations brought unexpectedly the cult of
medieval “national” saints into the center of public attention, state financing
and political debates in Central Europe. Second, I provide an overview of the
doubtless scholarly benefit from the state investments to these anniversaries,
and review the scholarly results of these new publications. Finally, I introduce
those new academic institutions – universities, research centers, specialized
associations, projects – which have been supporting these new research ventures
on saints and their hagiographies.
Lo spazio della santità russa: un approccio storiografico
Maria Pliukhanova
Lo spazio della santità russa: un approccio storiografico
We consider the possibility of applying the concept of “sanctuary”, which
is missing in Russian, to Russian hagiographic studies. The space of Russian
holiness is unstable; its features are largely due to the fact that Christianity
reached Russia relatively late and developed in isolation from the sacred centres,
and also, in particularly, to the catastrophic nature of Russian history.
First sanctuaries of Kievan Rus’ were destroyed during the Mongol invasion.
Later on, the physical world of sanctity and of relics was destroyed over
and over again in the course of history. The legends about the main exponents
of holiness – miraculous icons – include, crucially, the motifs of movement
and escape.
Santuari e società in Italia. Un lungo percorso di ricerca multidisciplinare
a cura di Roberto Rusconi
Il santuario martiriale fra tarda antichità e altomedievo
Letizia Ermini Pani
La fitta trama dei santuari italiani: un deposito poco esplorato di tradizioni religiose e culturali
Gabriella Zarri
Antropologie dei santuari d’Italia
Valerio Petrarca