Krijnie Ciggaar, who studied at Leiden University, is an independent researcher. She has published medieval descriptions of Constantinople and has been working on relations between Byzantium and Western Europe. She is now concentrating on Antioch and other parts of Outremer during the crusader period when Byzantine influence was still considerable. A series of colloquia on unknown or understudied material on the Principality and the other Latin States has been published in the Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta (nos 75, 92, 147, 199).