Translations, in Benvenuto Terracini’s words, «are to be inserted (...) as a special case in the dialectic of tradition and innovation on which the historical evolution of language is based». Moving from this assumption, the analysis I propose here discusses, chronologically, some of the Italian versions of Don Quijote in the cultural context in which they were published. I also discuss Benedetto Croce’s influence on the theory and, in my opinion, also on the praxis of translation.